Lubiprostone (SPI-0211, RU-0211) is a bicyclic fatty acid derivative of prostaglandin E1 and is classified as a selective type 2 chloride channel (ClC-2) activator . The molecular structure of Lubiprostone features a unique bicyclic ring system with two fluorine atoms and a ketone group, enabling it to bind specifically to and activate the chloride channel 2 (CLCN2) located in the apical membrane of the gastrointestinal epithelium .
Roxadustat (FG-4592) is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable small molecule that functions as a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor . The molecular structure of Roxadustat features a phenoxyisoquinoline scaffold with an N-methyl group and a glycine amide side chain, enabling it to competitively inhibit HIF prolyl hydroxylase enzymes.
Olmesartan Medoxomil (CS-866, Benicar) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) prodrug specifically designed for the effective management of hypertension. Chemically, it is the 5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-ylmethyl ester of olmesartan, featuring a complex molecular architecture that includes a biphenyl-tetrazole moiety, an imidazole ring, and a unique ester prodrug group.
Avatrombopag Maleate is the maleate salt form of avatrombopag, a small molecule, non-peptide thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) agonist. The molecule features a complex heterocyclic scaffold with multiple aromatic and heteroaromatic rings, including a piperidine carboxylic acid moiety, a thiazole ring with chlorothiophene substitution, and a piperazine-cyclohexyl group.
Idarubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of idarubicin, a semisynthetic anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic and analogue of daunorubicin. The molecule of Idarubicin Hydrochloride features a tetracyclic anthraquinone chromophore with a daunosamine sugar moiety attached via glycosidic linkage.
Tolvaptan is a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist belonging to the benzazepine class. The molecule of Tolvaptan features a benzazepine fused ring system with a hydroxyl group at the 5-position, a chlorine substituent on the aromatic ring, and a complex side chain consisting of a benzamide moiety with methyl groups.
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