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Decitabine (CAS 2353-33-5) is a cytidine nucleoside analog and a potent DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, chemically known as 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Structurally, Decitabine is a deoxycytidine analog in which the carbon at the 5-position of the cytosine ring is replaced by nitrogen, creating a 5-azacytosine moiety that is incorporated into DNA during replication. This unique structural feature enables Decitabine to form a covalent complex with DNA methyltransferases, leading to enzyme inhibition and subsequent DNA hypomethylation.

Sofosbustat (CAS 1190307-88-0) is a nucleotide analog prodrug that functions as a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Chemically, Sofosbuvir is the isopropyl (2S)-2-[[[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-yl]methoxy-phenoxyphosphoryl]amino]propanoate, featuring a unique phosphoramidate prodrug moiety that enables efficient intracellular delivery and activation.

Fesoterodine (CAS 250214-44-9) is a synthetic, competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist featuring a phenylpropylamine core with a hydroxymethyl phenyl ester functionality. The molecule is designed as a prodrug that is rapidly de-esterified in vivo to its active metabolite, 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5-HMT), which is also the active metabolite of tolterodine.

Eluxadoline (CAS 864821-90-9) is a synthetic, orally active mixed opioid receptor modulator featuring a complex peptidomimetic structure. The molecule is designed with a unique pharmacological profile that combines μ-opioid receptor agonist activity with δ-opioid receptor antagonism, while exhibiting minimal κ-opioid receptor affinity.

Eletriptan (CAS 143322-58-1) is a second-generation, orally administered, lipophilic serotonin 5-HT₁B/1D receptor agonist belonging to the triptan class of anti-migraine agents. Chemically, Eletriptan is (R)-3-((1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl)-1H-indole, featuring an indole core structure with a (R)-configured N-methylpyrrolidine substituent at the 3-position and a phenylsulfonylethyl group at the 5-position.

Abiraterone Acetate (CAS 154229-18-2) is a synthetic androstane steroid derivative and the 3β-acetate ester of abiraterone, formally created by the condensation of the 3β-hydroxy group of abiraterone with acetic acid. This esterification enhances the drug's oral bioavailability compared to its active form, abiraterone.