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Fmoc-Pro-Pro-OH (N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-L-prolyl-L-proline) is an Fmoc-protected dipeptide composed of two L-proline residues linked through a peptide bond. The molecule features the acid-labile 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group protecting the N-terminus, while the C-terminal carboxylic acid remains free for coupling reactions. The presence of two consecutive proline residues imparts significant conformational rigidity to the peptide backbone due to proline‘s unique cyclic pyrrolidine ring structure, which restricts backbone flexibility and promotes the formation of turn and helical secondary structures.

Fmoc-Phe(4-tBu)-OH (Fmoc-4-tert-butyl-L-phenylalanine, CAS 213383-02-9) is a fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected aromatic amino acid derivative employed as a building block in solid-phase peptide synthesis. The molecule features a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group protecting the α-amino functionality and a bulky 4-tert-butyl substituent on the phenyl ring of the phenylalanine side chain.

Fmoc-beta-HGlu(OtBu)-OH (Fmoc-L-β-homoglutamic acid 6-tert-butyl ester, CAS 203854-49-3) is a specialized β-amino acid derivative designed for Fmoc/t-Bu solid-phase peptide synthesis. The molecule features a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protecting group on the amino function and a tert-butyl ester protecting the side-chain carboxyl function at the 6-position. The β-homoglutamic acid backbone extends the peptide chain by one carbon atom compared to standard glutamic acid, providing unique conformational and functional properties.

Fmoc-Dap(Boc)-OH (Nα-Fmoc-Nβ-Boc-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid, CAS 162558-25-0) is an orthogonally protected, chiral non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative classified as an L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (Dap) building block. The molecule features an acid-labile tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protecting group on the side-chain β-amino functionality and a base-labile 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group on the α-amino position.

Fmoc-Trp-OH (Nα-Fmoc-L-tryptophan, CAS 35737-15-6) is an Fmoc-protected derivative of the naturally occurring aromatic amino acid L-tryptophan. The molecular structure of Fmoc-Trp-OH consists of a tryptophan backbone with an Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) protecting group attached to the α-amino group. Tryptophan is unique among the proteinogenic amino acids for its indole side chain—a bicyclic aromatic system containing a pyrrole ring fused to a benzene ring.

Fmoc-Gln-OH (Nα-Fmoc-L-glutamine, CAS 71989-20-3) is an Fmoc-protected derivative of the naturally occurring amino acid L-glutamine. The molecular structure of Fmoc-Gln-OH consists of a glutamine backbone bearing an Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) protecting group attached to the α-amino group. The Fmoc group is a base-labile protecting moiety that is selectively removed under mild basic conditions (typically piperidine in DMF), enabling orthogonal deprotection strategies in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS).